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首页>彩宝>什么是尖晶石?它都有特点特征?如何鉴别?
什么是尖晶石?它都有特点特征?如何鉴别?
2023-05-06 17:28:27      来源:珠宝王国 97971

微信图片_20230506172021.png

什么是尖晶石?它都有特点特征?如何鉴别?

尖晶石的英文名称为“spinel”,可能来源于拉丁语“spina”,是荆棘的意思。尖晶石常与红宝石共生,红色的尖晶石极易与红宝石混淆,如镶嵌在英国皇冠上的黑王子红宝石铁木尔红宝石(timur ruby)”实际上都是尖晶石,在珠宝行中,红色尖晶石俗称大红宝。尖晶石因其稀少、透明度高、颜色丰富而艳丽、具有大颗粒的晶体可体现完美的切工等优良的宝石学特征而成为收藏新贵。尖晶石的优势还在于目前市场上的优化处理品相对很少。

尖晶石的基本性质

尖晶石属等轴晶系,常呈八面体晶形表面可见三角形蚀痕,有时可见八面体与菱形十二面体、立方体成聚形或以水蚀卵石出现。尖晶石常依为双晶面和结合面构成尖晶石律双晶,与钻石的三角薄片双晶很相似,可通过显示的内凹角和扁平的三角形习性来识别。

颜色

尖晶石为他色宝石纯净时无色透明,当有杂质混入时可呈现各种颜色。尖晶石*常见的颜色为红色、粉红色、橙色、蓝色和紫色,也可见黄色、绿色、褐色、黑色和无色。红色一般与Cr++有关;蓝色一般与 Fe2有关,Zn²*的出现也常使宝石呈现蓝色,天然钴蓝色尖晶石与Co2关绿色般与少量FFF的共同用有关。

光泽及透明度

明亮玻璃光泽;透明-不透明。

特殊光学效应

可见星光效应和变色效应,其中四射星光较常见,六射星光稀少。

光性特征及多色性

光性均质体,偏光镜下全暗,但有时可见异常双折射现象;无多色性。

折射率、双折射率及色散

尖晶石的折射率为1.718(+0.017-0.008)。富铬的红色尖晶石可高达1.74;镁锌尖晶石在

1.725~1.753之间或更高;锌尖晶石可高达 1.77~1.80,并可见异常双折射;黑色尖晶石的折射率往往超过折射仪读数。色散值为 0.020

吸收光谱

铬致色的红色和粉红色尖晶石的吸收光谱具有 685684nm强吸收线,656nm弱吸收带,595~490nm强吸收带。在荧光光谱中,红色尖晶石红区的吸收线为亮荧光线,与红宝石的一组细线不同。尖晶石有 10条以上的亮荧光线,以 686675 nm 处的吸收线*强。

蓝色或紫蓝色尖晶石致色元素是Fe和少量Co其吸收光谱的特征具有460nm 强吸收带,可能伴随出现 430~435480550565~575590625 nm 吸收带;极少数具鲜蓝色的尖晶石是由钴致色的,其吸收光谱特征显示钴的吸收特征,即在4460480 nm 处可见吸收线,其中460nm 吸收带为合成蓝色钴致色尖晶石所没有。

发光性

红色、粉红色和橙色尖晶石在长波紫外荧光灯下呈现弱至强的红色一橙色荧光;短波紫外荧光灯下为无至弱的红色或橙红色荧光。绿色尖晶石一般在长波紫外荧光灯下具有无至中等强度的橙色-橙红色荧光。其他颜色的尖晶石在紫外荧光灯下一般为惰性。

放大检查

尖晶石内部可见细小的尖晶石八面体晶体或铁尖晶石的负晶(常被铁染),单个或呈雁行状分布,也可聚集成指纹状分布。磷灰石是尖晶石中常见的固态包裹体,也可见方解石、白云石、石墨、石英、锆石、榍石等。在红、蓝宝石中很常见的三组针状包裹体,在尖晶石中却很稀少,但一旦出现,可产生星光效应。尖晶石中可见愈合和未愈合裂隙,愈合裂隙中可见指纹状流体包裹体。沿八面体晶面发育生长带,在正交偏光下油浸观察*易见。尖晶石中沿八面体晶面发育的双晶纹很常见。


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